法律英语中常见的叠词("legal doublets" 或 "binomial expressions"))
在法律英语中,常见的叠词(也称为 "legal doublets" 或 "binomial expressions")是通过重复使用同义或近义词构成的固定搭配。这种表达方式源于法律语言对严谨性和历史传统的重视,目的是避免歧义或漏洞。以下是常见的例子:
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1. 表示权利义务
- Null and void(无效的)
- 例:The contract is declared null and void.
- Aid and abet(教唆与协助犯罪)
- Bind and obligate 约束与义务
- Cease and desist(停止并终止)
- 例:A cease and desist order was issued.
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2. 表示财产与所有权
- Give, devise, and bequeath(遗赠财产)
- 例:The testator gives, devises, and bequeaths his estate to...
- Rest, residue, and remainder(剩余财产)
- 例:The rest, residue, and remainder of the estate shall go to...
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3. 表示协议与条款
- Terms and conditions(条款与条件)
- 例:The terms and conditions of the agreement are binding.
- Covenants and agreements(契约与协议)
- Force and effect(法律效力)
- 例:This clause shall have full force and effect.
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4. 表示责任与义务
- Fit and proper(适当的)
- 例:A fit and proper person to hold the office.
- Will and testament(遗嘱)
- 例:The last will and testament of the deceased.
- Due and payable(到期应付的)
- 例:The debt is now due and payable.
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5. 其他常见叠词
- Part and parcel(重要组成部分)
- 例:This clause is part and parcel of the contract.
- Save and except(除…之外)
- Final and conclusive(终局性的)
- 例:The decision is final and conclusive.
- Alteration or amendment(修改或修订)
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叠词的功能与目的
- 避免歧义
通过叠加近义词确保法律文本的全面性,例如 "null and void" 比单独使用 "void" 更强调彻底无效。 - 历史沿袭
部分叠词源于中古英语或拉丁语的双重表达(如法语与拉丁语词汇的混合使用)。 - 法律确定性
确保涵盖所有可能的法律情形,例如 "goods and chattels"(动产)覆盖有形和无形财产。
其他形式的三词组合(Triplets)
- Give, devise, and bequeath
(遗赠财产,遗嘱用语) - Name, constitute, and appoint
(任命与授权) - Signed, sealed, and delivered
(签署、盖章并交付,合同生效要件)
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