UK--SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 英国1979年《货物买卖法》（中英对照）

PART I CONTRACTS TO WHICH ACT APPLIES

第一部分 法所适用之合同

1. Contracts to which Act applies

1、本法所适用之合同

(1) This Act applies to contracts of sale of goods made on or after (but not to those made before) 1 January 1894.

（1） 本法适用于订立于1894年及之后（而非适用于之前）的货物买卖合同。

(2) In relation to contracts made on certain dates, this Act applies subject to the modification of certain of its sections as mentioned in Schedule 1 below.

（2）有关特定日期订立之合同，如本法在下面附表1中提及的一样，须将某些特定条款作修正之后才可以适用。

(3) Any such modification is indicated in the section concerned by a reference to Schedule 1 below.

（3）任何这样的修正均可通过下面的附表1在有关的条款中得到指示。

(4) Accordingly, where a section does not contain such a reference, this Act applies in relation to the contract concerned without such modification of the section.

（4）因此，某一条款若不含有这样的指示，本法适用于此条款中不包含这样修正的相关合同。

PART II FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT

第二部分 合同的形成

Contract of sale 买卖合同

2. Contract of sale

2. 买卖合同

(1) A contract of sale of goods is a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money consideration, called the price.

(1)买卖合同是买方提供货币约因（称为价格），而卖方转移或承诺转移货物财产的一种合同。

(2) There may a contract of sale between one part owner and another.

(2)亦可能有财产部分所有人与另一部分所有人之间的买卖合同。

(3) A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional.

(3) 买卖合同可是无条件的或附条件的。

(4) Where under a contract of sale the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer the contact is called a sale.

（4）买卖合同中，货物财产从卖方转移至买方，这样的合同是买卖合同。

(5) Where under a contract of sale the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition later to be fulfilled the contract is called an agreement to sell.

（5）买卖合同中，货物财产的转移若在将来的某个时间发生、或在以后须附有某种条件才可以完成，则这样的合同称为销售协议。

(6) An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the conditions are fulfilled subject to which the property in the goods is to be transferred.

（6）在时间消逝后或附加的条件成就、货物财产即时转移的情形下，销售协议就成为了买卖合同。

3. Capacity to buy and sell

3、买卖能力

(1) Capacity to buy and sell is regulated by the general law concerning capacity to contract and to transfer and acquire property.

（1）买卖能力依照有关订立合同的能力以及转移或取得财产的能力之一般规定为准。

(2) Where necessaries are sold and delivered to a minor or to a person who by reason of mental incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to contract, he must pay a reasonable price for them.

（2）将必须品出售并交付给未成年人或由于智力残疾或醉酒而不能胜任订立之人，卖方必须给予他们合理的价格。

(3) In subsection (2) above 'necessaries' means goods suitable to the condition in life of the minor or other person concerned and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and delivery.

（3）第（2）款中，上述"必需品"指适用于未成年人或其他有关人员日常生活条件的货物和在出售及交付时其实际需要的东西。

Formalities of contract 合同格式

4. How contract of sale is made

买卖合同如何达成

(1) Subject to this and any other Act, a contract of sale may be made in writing (either with or without seal), or by word of mouth, or partly in writing and partly by word of mouth, or may be implied from the conduct of the parties.

依据本法及任何一法，买卖合同的订立可以是书面形式的（既可需要也可不或是需要签章），也可以是口头的，或是部分是书面的部分是口头的，或是根据双方当事人的默示行为也可以。

(2) Nothing in this section affects the law relating to corporations.

（2） 本节中任何规定不影响关于法人的法律。

Subject matter of contract合同标的

5. Existing or future goods

5、现货或期货

(1) The goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either existing goods, owned or possessed by the seller, or goods to be manufactured or acquired by him after the making of the contract of sale, in this Act called future goods.

（1）成为买卖合同标的的货物既可以是卖方所有或持有的现货，也可是买卖合同达成后卖方生产或取得的货物，本法称之为期货。

(2) There may be a contract for the sale of goods the acquisition of which by the seller depends on a contingency which may or may not happen.

（2）可能有货物买卖合同，卖方取得其与否要看是否有意外事件发生。

(3) Where by a contract of sale the seller purports to effect a present sale of future goods, the contract operates as an agreement to sell the goods.

（3）依某一买卖合同卖方意在实现期货的当前买卖，该合同按照货物销售协议实行。

6. Goods which have perished

6、已灭失物

Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods, and the goods without the knowledge of the seller have perished at the time when a contract is made, the contract is void.

特定物买卖合同中，如在合同订立时卖方并不知道该货物已经灭失，则该合同无效。

7. Goods perishing before sale but after agreement to sell

7、买卖合同订立前、销售协议达成后灭失的货物

Where there is an agreement to sell specific goods and subsequently the goods, without any fault on the part of the seller or buyer, perish before the risk passes to the buyer, the agreement is avoided.

已有特定物销售协议，但如特定物随后在其风险尚未被移转到买受人手中之前灭失，买卖双方又均无过错的，合同无效。

The price价格

8. Ascertainment of price

8、价格的确定

(1) The price in a contract of sale may be fixed by the contract, or may be left to be fixed in a manner agreed by the contract, or may be determined by the course of dealing between the parties.

(1)买卖合同中的价格可由合同确立，也可留着由合同所认同的其它方式确立，或者还可以由双方当事人在交易过程中来确定。

(2) Where the price is not determined as mentioned in subsection (1) above the buyer must pay a reasonable price.

(2) 如价格并未如上述第1款被确定，则买方必须支付某一合理的价格。

(3) What is a reasonable price is a question of fact dependent on the circumstances of each particular case.

(3) 怎样才算合理的价格靠每一特定案件中的具体情况来定。

9. Agreement to sell at valuation

9、估价销售协议

(1) Where there is an agreement to sell goods on the terms that the price is to be fixed by the valuation of a third party, and he cannot or does not make the valuation, the agreement is avoided; but if the goods or any part of them have been delivered to and appropriated by the buyer he must pay a reasonable price for them.

(1)在销售货物的协议中价格靠第三方估价确定时，而第三方不能或作不出估价时，该协议无效；但是如果全部货物或任何部分货物已交付给买方并被其占用时，买方必须为这些货物支付合理的价格。

（2）Where the third party is prevented from making the valuation by the fault of the seller or buyer, the party not at fault may maintain an action for damages against the party at fault.

（2）在第三方是由买方或卖方的过错而被阻止不能作出估价时，无过错方可提出诉讼向有过错方主张损害赔偿。

Implied terms etc.默示条款等

10. Stipulations about time

10、关于时间的规定

(1) Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the contract, stipulations as to time of payment are not of the essence of a contract of sale.

(1) 付款时间的规定不构成买卖合同的要件， 除非合同条款之中表示了相反的意思。

(2) Whether any other stipulation as to time is or is not of the essence of the contract depends on the terms of the contract.

(2)（除付款时间规定外）的其它时间规定是否构成合同的要件，决定于整个合同的条款。

(3) In a contract of sale 'month' prima facie means calendar month.

(3) 买卖合同中的"月"按表面意为日历中的一个月。

11. When condition to be treated as warranty

11、条件条款被视为担保条款

(1) This section does not apply to Scotland.

（1）本条规定不适用于苏格兰。

(2) Where a contract of sale is subject to a condition to be fulfilled by the seller, the buyer may waive the condition, or may elect to treat the breach of the condition as a breach of warranty and not as a ground for treating the contract as repudiated.

（2）买卖合同须经卖方成就某一条件时，买方可以放弃这一条件，也可决定将违反条件条款视为违反担保条款，而不将之视为否认合同有效的理由。

(3) Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition, the breach of which may give rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated, or a warranty, the breach of which may give rise to a claim for damages but not to a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated, depends in each case on the construction of the contract; and a stipulation may be a condition, though called a warranty in the contract.

（3）无论买卖合同的规定是条件条款（违之将导致拒绝履行合同），还是担保条款（违之将导致向对方主张损害赔偿，但无权拒收货物而否认合同有效），在具体案例中要根据对合同的解释做出判断：是条件条款还是保证条款；某一规定可能是条件条款，尽管它在合同中被称作保证条款。

(4) Subject to section 35A below where a contract of sale is not severable and the buyer has accepted the goods or part of them, the breach of a condition to be fulfilled by the seller can only be treated as a breach of warranty, and not as a ground for rejecting the goods and treating the contract as repudiated, unless there is an express or implied term of the contract to that effect.

（4）依下列35A款不可分开的买卖合同，且买方已经接受全部或部分货物时，违反应由卖方成就的条件条款只能被视为违反了担保条款，不可将之作为拒绝货物的理由而否认合同有效，除非就该合同的实施另有明示或默示的合同条款。

(6) Nothing in this section affects a condition or warranty whose fulfilment is excused by law by reason of impossibility or otherwise.

（6）本条中任何规定不影响法律所免除的由于合同的履行不能或其它原因所导致的条件条款或担保条款的成就不能。

(7) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made before 22 April 1967 or (in the application of this Act to Northern Ireland) 28 July 1967.

(7) 下面的附表1第2条适用于1967年4月22日之前签定的有关合同或（在北爱尔兰适用本法）1967年7月28日前。

12. Implied terms about title, etc.

12、所有权默示条款等

(1) In a contract of sale, other than one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is an implied term on the part of the seller that in the case of a sale he has a right to sell the goods, and in the case of an agreement to sell he will have such a right at the time when the property is to pass.

(1) 在货物买卖合同中，除下面第（3）款适用的合同之外，就卖方而言，在买卖合同中对其有一项默示条款即卖方有义务销售货物，同时，在销售协议情况下，卖方在财产转让时享有这项权利。

(2) In a contract of sale, other than one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is also an implied term that-

(2) 在买卖合同中，除下面第（3）款适用的合同之外，还包含一默示条款――

(a) the goods are free, and will remain free until the time when the property is to pass, from any charge or encumbrance not disclosed or known to the buyer before the contract is made, and

（a）货物在直到所有权转移之前，没有且保持没有任何在订约前未向买方披露或买方不知的任何费用或负担。

(b) the buyer will enjoy quiet possession of the goods except so far as it may be disturbed by the owner or other person entitled to the benefit of any charge or encumbrance so disclosed or known.

（b）买方应能安稳地占有货物，除非是受到了所有人或其他由于披露或已知的任何费用或负担而获益的人妨碍。

(3) This subsection applies to a contract of sale in the case of which there appears from the contract or is to be inferred from its circumstances an intention that the seller should transfer only such title as he or a third person may have.

（3）本款适用于：买卖合同中从合同能够看出或根据合同的情况可以推断出卖方的意思，卖方会仅转移他或第三人拥有的这样的所有权。

(4) In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is an implied term that all charges or encumbrances known to the seller and not known to the buyer have been disclosed to the buyer before the contract is made.

（4） 上述第（3）款所适用的合同中，有这样的默示条款即全部为所有人知晓的以及不为买方所知的费用或负担，在合同订立之前已经披露给了买方。

(5) In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is also an implied term that none of the following will disturb the buyer's quiet possession of the goods, namely-

（5）上述第（3）款所适用的合同中，还有这样的默示条款即下列三者均不会妨碍买方安稳地占有货物，这三者是：

(a) the seller;

（a）卖方；

(b) in a case where the parties to the contract intend that the seller should transfer only such title as a third person may have, that person;

（b）在这样的情形下，合同的当事人认为卖方应该只转移像第三人也拥有的所有权，这时的第三人。

? anyone claiming through or under the seller or that third person otherwise than under a charge or encumbrance disclosed or known to the buyer before the contract is made.

（c）任何通过或从卖方处主张权利之人或其他非在合同订立之前已经披露给了买方或知晓的费用或负担之第三人。

(5A) As regards England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the term implied by subsection (1) above is a condition and the terms implied by subsections (2), (4) and (5) above are warranties.

(5A) 英格兰，威尔士以及北爱尔兰，上述第(1)款所默示的条款是条件条款，由上述第(2), (4) 和 (5)条款所所默示的条款是担保条款。

(6) Paragraph 3 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made before 18 May 1973.

（6）下面附表1中的第3条适用于订立于1973年5月18日之前的相关合同。

13. Sale by description

13、凭说明进行的货物买卖

(1) Where there is a contract for the sale of goods by description, there is an implied term that the goods will correspond with the description.

（1）在凭说明进行的货物买卖中，包含有这样一项默示条件即货物应与说明相符。

(1A) As regards England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the term implied by subsection (1) above is a condition.

(1A) 在英格兰，威尔士以及北爱尔兰，上述第（1）条所默示的条款是条件条款。

(2) If the sale is by sample as well as by description it is not sufficient that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description.

（2）如买卖既凭样品又凭说明进行，假如货物和说明不相符时，即使整批货物与样品相符，这样的买卖不够充分。

(3) A sale of goods is not prevented from being a sale by description by reason only that, being exposed for sale or hire, they are selected by the buyer.

(3) 并无什么可阻止货物的买卖成为凭说明进行的货物买卖，只因为它们是由买方来选择的。

(4) Paragraph 4 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made before 18 May 1973.

(4) 下面附表1中的第4条适用于订立于1973年5月18日之前的相关合同。

14. Implied terms about quality or fitness

14、品质以及适当性默示条款

(1) Except as provided by this section and section 15 below and subject to any other enactment, there is no implied term about the quality or fitness for any particular purpose of goods supplied under a contract of sale.

(1) 除本条、如下第15条规定以及依据其他规定，没有对在买卖合同下提供的货物特意作出关于其品质以及适当性的规定。

（2）Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied term that the goods supplied under the contract are of satisfactory quality.

（2）卖方在商业经营过程中出售货物的，有一项默示要件即在合同下提供的货物须具有令人满意的品质。

(2A) For the purposes of this Act, goods are of satisfactory quality if they meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory, taking account of any description of the goods, the price (if relevant) and all the other relevant circumstances.

(2A) 从本法讲，具有令人满意品质的货物就是：如果货物能达到这样的标准，即考虑到货物的任何说明、价格（若相关）以及其他相关情况而会让理性人认为满意。

(2B) For the purposes of this Act, the quality of goods includes their state and condition and the following (among others) are in appropriate cases aspects of the quality of goods-

(2B) 从本法讲，货物的品质包括货物状态，条件，下列是在较合适情形下货物品质的几个方面--

(a) fitness for all the purposes for which goods of the kind in question are commonly supplied,

(a) 适合于通常提供该种货物的所有目的，

(b) appearance and finish,

(b) 外观和良好状态；

? freedom from minor defects,

不含微小的缺陷

(d) safety, and

(d) 安全

(e) durability.

(e) 持久性

(2C) The term implied by subsection (2) above does not extend to any matter making the quality of goods unsatisfactory-

(2C) 上述第(2)款默示条款不扩展到其他使货物品质不令人满意的任何事项--

(a) which is specifically drawn to the buyer's attention before the contract is made,

(a) 合同订立前特别引起买方注意的事项，

(b) where the buyer examines the goods before the contract is made, which that examination ought to reveal, or

(b) 合同订立前买方检验货物，该次检验应该暴露的，或

? in the case of a contract for sale by sample, which would have been apparent on a reasonable examination of the sample.

在凭样品买卖合同情形中，在对样品合理检验时应该非常明显的。

(2D) If the buyer deals as consumer or, in Scotland, if a contract of sale is a consumer contract, the relevant circumstances mentioned in subsection (2A) above include any public statements on the specific characteristics of the goods made about them by the seller, the producer or his representative, particularly in advertising or on labelling.

(2D) 如果买方像消费者一样交易，或在苏格兰，如果某买卖合同就是消费者合同，则上述第(2A)条中提及的相关情形包括任何卖方、生产人或其代表、特别是在广告或商标中关于产品特定特征所做的公开陈述。

(2E) A public statement is not by virtue of subsection (2D) above a relevant circumstance for the purposes of subsection (2A) above in the case of a contract of sale, if the seller shows that-

(2E) 在买卖合同情形中，公开陈述并不由于上述第(2D)款成为上述第(2A)款中提及的一项相关情形，如果卖方表明--

（a）at the time the contract was made, he was not, and could not reasonably have been, aware of the statement,

（a）在合同订立时，卖方没有、且不可能合理地意识到该陈述，

(b) before the contract was made, the statement had been withdrawn in public or, to the extent that it contained anything which was incorrect or misleading, it had been corrected in public, or

(b) 在合同订立前，此陈述已被公开撤销或，在某种程度上该陈述含有某些不正确或误导人的地方，但是其已经公开改正，或

(c)the decision to buy the goods could not have been influenced by the statement.

(c) 购买货物的决定不可能受到该陈述的影响。

(2F) Subsections (2D) and (2E) above do not prevent any public statement from being a relevant circumstance for the purposes of subsection (2A) above (whether or not the buyer deals as consumer or, in Scotland, whether or not the contract of sale is a consumer contract) if the statement would have been such a circumstance apart from those subsections.

(2F) 上述第(2D) 和 第(2E)款不阻止任何公开陈述变成上述第(2A)款中的一个相关情形（无论买方是否像消费者一样交易，或在苏格兰，无论买卖合同是不是消费者合同），只要该陈述不属于这些条款中的某一情形。

(3) Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business and the buyer, expressly or by implication, makes known-

(3) 卖方在商业经营过程中出售货物的以及买方通过明示或默示使得其知晓于--

(a) to the seller, or

(a) 卖方，或

(b) where the purchase price of part of it is payable by instalments and the goods were previously sold by a credit-broker to the seller, to that credit-broker,

(b) 在货物部分购买价款是分期付款及货物先前是由经纪人出售给卖方，这种情形之下的经纪人。

any particular purpose for which the goods are being bought, there is an implied term that the goods supplied under the contract are reasonably fit for that purpose, whether or not that is a purpose for which such goods are commonly supplied, except where the circumstances show that the buyer does not rely, or that it is unreasonable for him to rely, on the skill or judgment of the seller or credit-broker.

对于购买货物的任何特定目的，应有一默示条款即按照合同所供给的货物是合理地符合这一目的的，不管其是否适合于通常提供该种货物的目的，除非有情形表明买方并不依赖于（或买方依赖于此不合理）卖方或经纪人的技术或判断。

(4) An implied term about quality or fitness for a particular purpose may be annexed to a contract of sale by usage.

(4) 关于特定目的货物之品质或适当性默示条款可依惯例附加于买卖合同之中。

(5) The preceding provisions of this section apply to a sale by a person who in the course of a business is acting as agent for another as they apply to a sale by a principal in the course of a business, except where that other is not selling in the course of a business and either the buyer knows that fact or reasonable steps are taken to bring it to the notice of the buyer before the contract is made.

(5)上述若干规定适用于在商业经营过程中代理他人销售货物之代理人所做的买卖合同，也

适用于商业经营过程中本人所做的买卖合同，除非在合同订立之前买方知道或已经采取合理步骤提醒买方注意到被代理之人非在商业经营中出售货物。

(6) As regards England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the terms implied by subsections (2) and (3) above are conditions.

(6)在英格兰，威尔士以及北爱尔兰，上述第(2) 和(3)款所默示的条款是条件条款。

(7) Paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made on or after 18 May 1973 and before the appointed day, and paragraph 6 in relation to one made before 18 May 1973.

(7) 下面附表1中的第5条适用于订立于1973年5月18日及之后指定日期之前的相关合同，第6条适用于订立于1973年5月18日前合同。

(8)In subsection (7) above and paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 below references to the appointed day are to the day appointed for the purposes of those provisions by an order of the Secretary of State made by statutory instrument.

(8) 上述第(7)款以及下面附表1中的第5条提及的指定日期是指根据大臣的命令由行政性立法文件产生的条文中指定的日期。

Sale by sample凭样品买卖合用

15. Sale by sample

15. 凭样品买卖

(1) A contract of sale is a contract for sale by sample where there is an express or implied term to that effect in the contract.

(1) 买卖合同中当有明示或默示的条款，在合同中起到这一作用时，买卖合同即是凭样品买卖合用。

(2) In the case of a contract for sale by sample there is an implied term-

(2) 凭样品买卖合用中，应有一默示条款--

(a) that the bulk will correspond with the sample in quality;

(a) 卖方所交付的整批货物必须与样品品质相符。

(b) that the buyer will have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample

在凭样品成交的货物买卖中有一个默示条件，买方应有合理的机会将整批货物货物与样品进行比较。

? that the goods will be free from any defect, making their quality unsatisfactory, which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample.

货物不应存在任何瑕疵，而使得货物的品质不能令人满意，对样品的合理检验中不能发现明显的瑕疵。

(3) As regards England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the term implied by subsection (2) above is a condition.

(3) 在英格兰，威尔士以及北爱尔兰，上述第(2)款默示的条款是条件条款。

（4）Paragraph 7 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made before 18 May 1973.

（4）下列附表1中的第7条适用于订立于1973年5月18日之前的相关合同。

Miscellaneous其它

15A. Modification of remedies for breach of condition in non-consumer cases

15A、非消费者交易情形中违反条件条款的救济修正

(1) Where in the case of a contract of sale-

(1) 在买卖合同中

(a) the buyer would, apart from this subsection, have the right to reject goods by reason of a breach on the part of the seller of a term implied by section 13, 14 or 15 above, but

(a) 在本款以外的情况下，卖方违反第13条、第14条或第15条规定的默示条款的，买方有权拒收货物，但是，

(b) the breach is so slight that it would be unreasonable for him to reject them,

then, if the buyer does not deal as consumer, the breach is not to be treated as a breach of condition but may be treated as a breach of warranty.

(b) 如果卖方违反合同的默示条款是很轻微，而使买方拒绝接收货物不合理，那么，

此时假如买方不是作为消费者进行交易的，则该项违反将不被看成是违反条件条款，而可作为违反担保条款处理。

(2) This section applies unless a contrary intention appears in, or is to be implied from, the contract.

(2) 除非合同中显示出或者可从中推断出有相反的意图，否则，本款规定适用。

(3) It is for the seller to show that a breach fell within subsection (1)(b) above.

(3) 卖方有义务证明他违反默示条款属于本条第(1)款(b)项的范围。

（4）This section does not apply to Scotland.

（4）本条不适用于英格兰。

PART III EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT

第三部分 合同的效力

Transfer of property as between seller and buyer

当买卖方之间转移财产

16. Goods must be ascertained

16、货物必须确定

Subject to section 20A below where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained goods no property in the goods is transferred to the buyer unless and until the goods are ascertained.

依下列第20A条，未经确定的货物买卖中，除非货物被确定，并在此之前货物财产不转移给买方。

17. Property passes when intended to pass

17、意图转让时的所有权转移

(1) Where there is a contract for the sale of specific or ascertained goods the property in them is transferred to the buyer at such time as the parties to the contract intend it to be transferred.

特定物或是确定的货物买卖合同中，货物所有权转移给买方的时间按合同当事人在合同中表达的意图确定。

(2) For the purpose of ascertaining the intention of the parties regard shall be had to the terms of the contract, the conduct of the parties and the circumstances of the case.

(2) 关于确定合同双方当事人的意图，应该根据合同条款，合同双方当事人行为以及案件具体情况。

18. Rules for ascertaining intention

18、明确意图之规则

Unless a different intention appears, the following are rules for ascertaining the intention of the parties as to the time at which the property in the goods is to pass to the buyer.

除非有相反的意思出现，下列规则用来确定货物所有权转移给买方时双方当事人的意图。

Rule 1.-Where there is an unconditional contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state the property in the goods passes to the buyer when the contract is made, and it is immaterial whether the time of payment or the time of delivery, or both, be postponed.

规则1.--凡属无条件的特定物买卖合同，如果该物已处于可交付状态，则货物所有权于合同订立时转移，而不问付款日期或交付日期（或二者兼有）是否延迟。

Rule 2.-Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods and the seller is bound to do something to the goods for the purpose of putting them into a deliverable state, the property does not pass until the thing is done and the buyer has notice that it has been done.

规则2.-- 无条件的特定物买卖合同，如果卖方须完成某些行为才能使标的物处于可交付状态，货物的所有权在这些行为完成之后买方已经知晓的情形下才能转移给买方。

Rule 3.-Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state but the seller is bound to weigh, measure, test, or do some other act or thing with reference to the goods for the purpose of ascertaining the price, the property does not pass until the act or thing is done and the buyer has notice that it has been done.

规则3.--凡属无条件的特定物买卖合同，如果该物已处于可交付状态，但是卖方必定要针对货物去称重、测量、检验、或者完成其它一些行为或事情来确定货物价格时，货物所有权直到这些行为或事情完成之后并被买方注意到时才转移。

Rule 4.-When goods are delivered to the buyer on approval or on sale or return or other similar terms the property in the goods passes to the buyer:-

规则4.--当货物因买方同意、买卖合同或归还或其他类似条款将货物交付买方时，货物所有权转移至买方：--

(a) when he signifies his approval or acceptance to the seller or does any other act adopting the transaction;

(a) 在买方向卖方表明认可或接受交易，或以其他方式确认这项交易时，标的物所有权转移给买方。

(b) if he does not signify his approval or acceptance to the seller but retains the goods without giving notice of rejection, then, if a time has been fixed for the return of the goods, on the expiration of that time, and, if no time has been fixed, on the expiration of a reasonable time.

(b) 如果买方没有向卖方表示认可或接受该项货物，但他保留了货物并没有发出退货通知，这样，如果合同规定有固定的退货期限，期限届满，或者，在合同没有规定退货期限，经过了一段合理时间。

Rule 5.-(1) Where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained or future goods by description, and goods of that description and in a deliverable state are unconditionally appropriated to the contract, either by the seller with the assent of the buyer or by the buyer with the assent of the seller, the property in the goods then passes to the buyer; and the assent may be express or implied, and may be given either before of after the appropriation is made.

规则5--（1）. 凡属未经确定的货物或凭说明进行的期货买卖合同，如果该物已处于可交付状态，货物被无条件划拨时，货物所有权转移给买方，这种划拨行为可以由卖方征得买方同意完成，也可以由买方征得卖方同意完成。同意可以是明示的，也可是默示的，同意的作出既可在划拨作出之前或也可在划拨之后。

(2) Where, in pursuance of the contract, the seller delivers the goods to the buyer or to a carrier or other bailee or custodier (whether named by the buyer or not) for the purpose of transmission to the buyer, and does not reserve the right of disposal, he is to be taken to have unconditionally appropriated the goods to the contract.

(2) 在执行合同时，卖方将货物交付至买方或出于转送目的将货物交付承运人或其他受托人或保管人（无论是否由买方指定），在卖方不保留处分权时，则认为卖方已经按合同将货物无条件划拨了。

(3) Where there is a contract for the sale of a specified quantity of unascertained goods in a deliverable state forming part of a bulk which is identified either in the contract or by subsequent agreement between the parties and the bulk is reduced to (or to less than) that quantity, then, if the buyer under that contract is the only buyer to whom goods are then due out of the bulk-

(3) 凡属未经确定的、特定数量的货物买卖合同，如果该货物已处于可交付状态，如货物组成整批货物一部分，该整批货物已经在合同中或后来双方的协议中被确定，而整批货物在数量上减少时，如果在合同下，买方是唯一的购买方，则整批货物应交付至买方。

(a) the remaining goods are to be taken as appropriated to that contract at the time when the bulk is so reduced; and

(a) 剩余货物在整批货物在数量上被减少时认为已被划拨；及

(b) the property in those goods then passes to that buyer.

(b) 剩余货物所有权转移至买方。

(4) Paragraph (3) above applies also (with the necessary modifications) where a bulk is reduced to (or to less than) the aggregate of the quantities due to a single buyer under separate contracts relating to that bulk and he is the only buyer to whom goods are then due out of that bulk.

(4) 上述第3款（在必要修正下）同样适用于整批货物数量上少于货物的总量情形，这是由于在关于体积的可分开合同下仅有惟一的购买方，此时货物应交付至买方。

19. Reservation of right of disposal

19、保留处分权

(1) Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods or where goods are subsequently appropriated to the contract, the seller may, by the terms of the contract or appropriation, reserve the right of disposal of the goods until certain conditions are fulfilled; and in such a case, notwithstanding the delivery of the goods to the buyer, or to a carrier or other bailee or custodier for the purpose of transmission to the buyer, the property in the goods does not pass to the buyer until the conditions imposed by the seller are fulfilled.

(1) 特定物买卖合同中或货物随即被划拨在合同之下时，卖方可以依据合同或划拨条款，将货物的处分权一直保留直到特定条件成就；在这种情形下，尽管将货物出于转送目的交付交付至买方或承运人或其他受托人或保管人，但是在由卖方所施加的条件被成就之前，货物所有权并不转移至买方。

(2) Where goods are shipped, and by the bill of lading the goods are deliverable to the order of the seller or his agent, the seller is prima facie to be taken to reserve the right of disposal.

(2) 货物已装船时，货物通过提单由卖方或其代理人而交付，则初步认为卖方保留有货物处分权。

(3) Where the seller of goods draws on the buyer for the price, and transmits the bill of exchange and bill of lading to the buyer together to secure acceptance or payment of the bill of exchange, the buyer is bound to return the bill of lading if he does not honour the bill of exchange, and if he wrongfully retains the bill of lading the property in the goods does not pass to him.

(3) 当货物的卖方向买方支取价款时，为确保接受货物或支付汇票向买方一同转移汇票及提单，如果买方拒绝承兑汇票则其有义务反还提单，假如买方错误地保留提单，货物所有权不因此转移至买方。

20. Passing of Risk

20、风险转移

(1) Unless otherwise agreed, the goods remain at the seller's risk until the property in them is transferred to the buyer, but when the property in them is transferred to the buyer the goods are at the buyer's risk whether delivery has been made or not.

(1) 除非另有协议，货物的风险直到货物所有权转移至买方才从卖方转移至买方，但如果货物所有权转移至买方时，不论交付行为是否作出，风险均转移至买方。

(2) But where delivery has been delayed through the fault of either buyer or seller the goods are at the risk of the party at fault as regards any loss which might not have occurred but for such fault.

(2) 但如果因为合同当事人一方的过错而导致了交货的延迟，有过错引起任何损失的一方应承担由此带来的风险。

(3) Nothing in this section affects the duties or liabilities of either seller or buyer as a bailee or custodier of the goods of the other party.

(3) 本条之规定不影响作为买卖双方受托人或保管人之合同双方的义务或责任。

(4) In a case where the buyer deals as consumer or, in Scotland, where there is a consumer contract in which the buyer is a consumer, subsections (1) to (3) above must be ignored and the goods remain at the seller's risk until they are delivered to the consumer.

(4) 当买方作为消费者交易时，或在苏格兰，消费者合同中买方是消费者时，上述第(1) 至 (3)款应被忽略，货物风险在其被交付到消费者手中前始终在卖方。

20A Undivided shares in goods forming part of a bulk

20A、组成整批货物一部分货物中的不可分割份数

(1) This section applies to a contract for the sale of a specified quantity of unascertained goods if the following conditions are met-

(1)、如果下列条件能得以满足，本条适用于特定数量的、未经确定的货物买卖合同。

(a) the goods or some of them form part of a bulk which is identified either in the contract or by subsequent agreement between the parties; and

(a) 货物或其中部分货物组成整批货物一部分，该整批货物已经在合同中或后来双方的协议中被确定；以及

(b) the buyer has paid the price for some or all of the goods which are the subject of the contract and which form part of the bulk.

(b) 买方已为全部货物或部分货物支付价款，同时该货物是合同的标的物，则它们组成整批货物的一部分。

(2) Where this section applies, then (unless the parties agree otherwise), as soon as the conditions specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1) above are met or at such later time as the parties may agree-

(2)（除非当事人另有协议）只要(a) 、(b)款及上述第(1)款中的特定条件一旦满足或经当事人同意在后来得以满足，则可适用本条。

(a) property in an undivided share in the bulk is transferred to the buyer, and

(a) 整批货物中不可分份额数量货物的所有权转移至买方，并且

(b) the buyer becomes an owner in common of the bulk.

(b) 买方成为共有的整批货物的所有人之一。

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, for the purposes of this section, the undivided share of a buyer in a bulk at any time shall be such share as the quantity of goods paid for and due to the buyer out of the bulk bears to the quantity of goods in the bulk at that time.

(3) 依下列第(4)款，本条规定，买方在整批货物中不可分份额数量在任何时候均应是支付价款对应数量的份额，且因买方货物整装，买方到时承担整批数量的货物。

(4) Where the aggregate of the undivided shares of buyers in a bulk determined under subsection (3) above would at any time exceed the whole of the bulk at that time, the undivided share in the bulk of each buyer shall be reduced proportionately so that the aggregate of the undivided shares is equal to the whole bulk.

(4) 全体买方在整批货物中不可分份额数量的总计由上述第（3）款确定时，如超过整批货物的总量，每一买方在整批货物中的不可分份额数量都应按比例被减少，以使不可分份额数量的总计与整批货物总量相等。

(5) Where a buyer has paid the price for only some of the goods due to him out of a bulk, any delivery to the buyer out of the bulk shall, for the purposes of this section, be ascribed in the first place to the goods in respect of which payment has been made.

(5) 本法规定，假如某一买方仅在整批货物中为部分货物支付了价款，则任何向该买方的货物交付均应首先就已支付价款货物进行。

(6) For the purposes of this section payment of part of the price for any goods shall be treated as payment for a corresponding part of the goods.

(6) 本条规定，对任何货物支付部分价款均应被视为对相应部分货物作出的支付。

20B Deemed consent by co-owner to dealings in bulk goods

20B、整批货物交易中通过共有人而推定的同意

(1) A person who has become an owner in common of a bulk by virtue of section 20A above shall be deemed to have consented to-

(1) 成为共有的整批货物所有人之一的行为人，依据上述20A条，应被认为已经同意了--

(a) any delivery of goods out of the bulk to any other owner in common of the bulk, being goods which are due to him under his contract;

(a) 向整批货物任一共有人的交付货物，因为根据合同该货物应交付给他。

(b) any dealing with or removal, delivery or disposal of goods in the bulk by any other person who is an owner in common of the bulk in so far as the goods fall within that co-owner's undivided share in the bulk at the time of the dealing, removal, delivery or disposal.

(b) 与整批货物另一任意共有人交易，或移动、交付或处分其货物，只要在交易、移动、交付或处分时，是在共有人对整批货物的不可分割份数内。

(2) No cause of action shall accrue to anyone against a person by reason of that person having acted in accordance with paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1) above in reliance on any consent deemed to have been given under that subsection.

(2) 他人因为按照上述第(1) 款中(a) 或 (b)条而得到的推定同意而信赖它，任何人不得针对此而获得诉权。

(3) Nothing in this section or section 20A above shall-

（3）本条中任何规定或上述20A条均不应--

(a) impose an obligation on a buyer of goods out of a bulk to compensate any other buyer of goods out of that bulk for any shortfall in the goods received by that other buyer;

(a) 为整批货物买卖中某一买方增加义务来弥补整批货物买卖中其他买方因收到货物的任何不足；

(b) affect any contractual arrangement between buyers of goods out of a bulk for adjustments between themselves; or

(b) 影响他们与整批货物买卖中全体买方为调整货物而订立的合同安排；或

(c) affect the rights of any buyer under his contract.

(c) 影响在合同之下任何买方的权利。

Transfer of title所有权的转移

21. Sale by person not the owner

21、非货物所有人的买卖

(1) Subject to this Act, where goods are sold by a person who is not their owner, and who does not sell them under the authority or with the consent of the owner, the buyer acquires no better title to the goods than the seller had, unless the owner of the goods is by his conduct precluded from denying the seller's authority to sell.

(1) 依照本法，货物买卖中，如果卖方不是货物的所有人，也未得到所有人的授权或同意而出售货物时，买方所取得的权利不能超过卖方原来所拥有的权利，除非所有人通过其行为表明他不否认卖方有出售该货物的权利。

(2) Nothing in this Act affects-

（2）本法中任何规定不影响--

(a) the provisions of the Factors Acts or any enactment enabling the apparent owner of goods to dispose of them as if he were their true owner;

(a) 《代销商法》中的规定或其它使货物表面所有人可以像货物真正所有人一样处理货物的任何规定。

(b) the validity of any contract of sale under any special common law or statutory power of sale or under the order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

(b) 任何特别的普通法或法定出卖权下、或享有合法管辖权法院命令下任意买卖合同的有效性。

22. Market overt

22、公开市场

(2) This section does not apply to Scotland.

(2) 本条不适用于苏格兰。

(3) Paragraph 8 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract under which goods were sold before 1 January 1968 or (in the application of this Act to Northern Ireland) 29 August 1967.

(3) 下列附表1中的第8条适用于标的物于1968年1月1日以前出售的合同，或者（将本法适用于北爱尔兰）于1967年8月29日之前。

23. Sale under voidable title

23、可撤销所有权下的买卖

When the seller of goods has a voidable title to them, but his title has not been avoided at the time of the sale, the buyer acquires a good title to the goods, provided he buys them in good faith and without notice of the seller's defect of title.

如果卖方对货物的所有权可被撤销，但卖方在所有权被撤销之前将货物出售，只要买方不知道卖方权利的瑕疵，并且是出于善意而购买，就可取得货物完好的所有权。

24. Seller in possession after sale

24、出售后占有货物的卖方

Where a person having sold goods continues or is in possession of the goods, or of the documents of title to the goods, the delivery or transfer by that person, or by a mercantile agent acting for him, of the goods or documents of title under any sale, pledge, or other disposition thereof, to any person receiving the same in good faith and without notice of the previous sale, has the same effect as if the person making the delivery or transfer were expressly authorised by the owner of the goods to make the same.

如果卖方将货物出售后继续出售货物、占有货物、占有货物所有权凭证、并由其或其代理人将货物以任何出卖、质押或其它方式处分并交付或转移给买方之外的第三人，只要该第三人是善意的，并对前一交易行为不知情，实施交付或转移行为之人被视同他得到了真正货主的明示授权。

25. Buyer in possession after sale

25、出售后占有货物的买方

(1) Where a person having bought or agreed to buy goods obtains, with the consent of the seller, possession of the goods or the documents of title to the goods, the delivery or transfer by that person, or by a mercantile agent acting for him, of the goods or documents of title, under any sale, pledge, or other disposition thereof, to any person receiving the same in good faith and without notice of any lien or other right of the original seller in respect of the goods, has the same effect as if the person making the delivery or transfer were a mercantile agent in possession of the goods or documents of title with the consent of the owner.

(1) 已购买或已同意购买货物的买方，如果得到了卖方的同意而取得占有货物或货物所有权凭证，并且买方或买方代理人在占有期间将货物或货物所有权凭证以买卖、质押或其它方式处分并交付或转移给买方之外的第三人，只要第三人是善意取得，并对原始卖方就货物所拥有的任何留置权或其他权利不知情，该处分行为同经征得货物所有人同意后由商务代理人做出的交付或转移货物或所有权凭证有着同样的效力。

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above-

（2）出于上述（1）条之目的--

(a) the buyer under a conditional sale agreement is to be taken not to be a person who has bought or agreed to buy goods, and

(a) 附条件买卖协议之下的买方不被认为是已购买或已同意购买货物的买方，并

(b) 'conditional sale agreement' means an agreement for the sale of goods which is a consumer credit agreement within the meaning of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 under which the purchase price or part of it is payable by instalments, and the property in the goods is to remain in the seller (notwithstanding that the buyer is to be in possession of the goods) until such conditions as to the payment of instalments or otherwise as may be specified in the agreement are fulfilled.

(b) "附条件买卖协议"指具有1974年《消费者信贷法》中消费者信贷协议性质的货物买卖协议，据1974年《消费者信贷法》，购买价款或部分购买价款可以分期支付，但货物所有权仍属于卖方（尽管买方即将占有货物）直到分期付款或其他肯呢感在协议中具体规定的条件得到成就。

(3) Paragraph 9 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract under which a person buys or agrees to buy goods and which is made before the appointed day.

（3）下列附表1中的第9条适用于在指定日期之前买方购买或同意购买货物的相关合同。

(4) In subsection (3) above and paragraph 9 of Schedule 1 below references to the appointed day are to the day appointed for the purposes of those provisions by an order of the Secretary of State made by statutory instrument.

（4）在上述第（3）款以及下列附表1中的第9条中，指定日期是指根据大臣的命令由行政性立法文件产生的条文中指定的日期。

26. Supplementary to sections 24 and 25

26、对24、25条的补充

In sections 24 and 25 above 'mercantile agent' means a mercantile agent having in the customary course of his business as such agent authority either-

在上述24、25条中"商务代理人"意指在习惯的商事活动中像有如下代理权限的商务代理人--

(a) to sell goods, or

（a）出售货物，或

(b) to consign goods for the purpose of sale, or

（b）出于销售目的而寄售商品，或

(c) to buy goods, or

（c）购买商品，或

(d) to raise money on the security of goods.

（d）为货物设定担保筹集资金。

PART IV PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT

第四部分 合同的履行

27. Duties of seller and buyer

27、买卖双方的义务

It is the duty of the seller to deliver the goods, and of the buyer to accept and pay for them, in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale.

根据买卖合同条款，卖方有义务交付货物，买方有义务接受货物并支付价款。

28. Payment and delivery are concurrent conditions

28、支付价款与交付货款：同时履行的条件

Unless otherwise agreed, delivery of the goods and payment of the price are concurrent conditions, that is to say, the seller must be ready and willing to give possession of the goods to the buyer in exchange for the price and the buyer must be ready and willing to pay the price in exchange for possession of the goods.

除非另有协议，货物的交付和价款的交付应是同时履行的条件，换言之，卖方必须乐意让出占有将货物交至买方以交换价款；同时买方须乐意支付价款以交换对货物的占有。

29. Rules about delivery

29、关于交付的规则

(1) Whether it is for the buyer to take possession of the goods or for the seller to send them to the buyer is a question depending in each case on the contract, express or implied, between the parties.

（1）到底是买方取得货物的占有还是卖方将货物送至买方，这个问题要看具体情况中双方当事人明示或默示的合同

(2) Apart from any such contract, express or implied, the place of delivery is the seller's place of business if he has one, and if not, his residence; except that, if the contract is for the sale of specific goods, which to the knowledge of the parties when the contract is made are in some other place, then that place is the place of delivery.

（2）抛开像这样的合同，明示或默示的，交付地点应是卖方的营业地，如果卖方有营业地的话；如无营业地，则应在卖方的居住地。除此之外，假如是特定物买卖合同，在合同订立时双方当事人知晓该特定物在另一地方，则该地点为交付地点。

(3) Where under the contract of sale the seller is bound to send the goods to the buyer, but no time for sending them is fixed, the seller is bound to send them within a reasonable time.

（3）买卖合同下，卖方有义务将货物送至买方，但是送货的时间是不固定的，卖方有义务在合理的时间内将货物送到。

(4) Where the goods at the time of sale are in the possession of a third person, there is no delivery by seller to buyer unless and until the third person acknowledges to the buyer that he holds the goods on his behalf; but nothing in this section affects the operation of the issue or transfer of any document of title to goods.

（4）货物买卖时，如货物被第三人占有，除非第三人向买方承认他代表卖方持有货物，卖方不向买方交付，但本条规定并不影响任何货物所有权凭证的转移。

(5) Demand or tender of delivery may be treated as ineffectual unless made at a reasonable hour; and what is a reasonable hour is a question of fact.

（5）请求或提供交付可被视为无效，除非是在合理时间提出；合理时间这一问题属于事实问题。

(6) Unless otherwise agreed, the expenses of and incidental to putting the goods into a deliverable state must be borne by the seller.

（6）除非另有协议，卖方须支付将货物处于可交付状态之前的开支和杂费。

30. Delivery of wrong quantity

30、错误数量的交付

(1) Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods less than he contracted to sell, the buyer may reject them, but if the buyer accepts the goods so delivered he must pay for them at the contract rate.

（1）当卖方所交货物少于合同订立的数量时，买方可以拒收货物，但是一旦买方接受了这样交付的货物，就必须按合同价格支付货物价款。

(2) Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods larger than he contracted to sell, the buyer may accept the goods included in the contract and reject the rest, or he may reject the whole.

（2） 当卖方所交货物多于合同订立的数量时，买方可以接受合同中订立的部分拒收其余，或也可拒收全部货物。

(2A) A buyer who does not deal as consumer may not-

（2 A）非以消费者身份交易的买方可能不能--

(a) where the seller delivers a quantity of goods less than he contracted to sell, reject the goods under subsection (1) above, or

(a) 当卖方所交货物少于合同订立的数量时，按上述第（1）款规定拒绝接收货物，或

(b) where the seller delivers a quantity of goods larger than he contracted to sell, reject the whole under subsection (2) above, if the shortfall or, as the case may be, excess is so slight that it would be unreasonable for him to do so.

(b) 当卖方所交货物多于合同订立的数量时，按上述第（2）款规定拒绝接收全部货物，如果不足或多余很轻微，这样做则不合理。

(2B) It is for the seller to show that a shortfall or excess fell within subsection (2A) above.

(2B) 由卖方来证明不足或多余属于上述第（2 A）款规定范围之内。

(2C) Subsections (2A) and (2B) above do not apply to Scotland.

(2C) 上述(2A) 和 (2B)款不适用于苏格兰。

(2D) Where the seller delivers a quantity of goods-

(2D) 在卖方交付的货物数量--

(a) less than he contracted to sell, the buyer shall not be entitled to reject the goods under subsection (1) above,

（a）少于合同订立的数量时，买方不享有在上述第（1）款下拒收货物的权利。

(b) larger than he contracted to sell, the buyer shall not be entitled to reject the whole under subsection (2) above,

(b) 多于合同订立的数量时，买方不享有在上述第（2）款下拒收全部货物的权利。

unless the shortfall or excess is material.

除非不足或多余构成实质性差别。

(2E) Subsection (2D) above applies to Scotland only.

(2E) 上述（2D）款仅适用于苏格兰。

(3) Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods larger than he contracted to sell and the buyer accepts the whole of the goods so delivered he must pay for them at the contract rate.

(3) 当卖方交付至买方的货物多于合同订立的数量时，如买方接受了这样交付的货物，就必须按合同价格支付货物价款。

(5) This section is subject to any usage of trade, special agreement, or course of dealing between the parties.

(5) 本条须经当事人双方贸易、特别协议或交易过程中使用。

31. Instalment deliveries

31、分期交付

(1) Unless otherwise agreed, the buyer of goods is not bound to accept delivery of them by instalments.

（1）除非另有约定，买方没有通过分期交付的方式接受货物的义务。

(2) Where there is a contract for the sale of goods to be delivered by stated instalments, which are to be separately paid for, and the seller makes defective deliveries in respect of one or more instalments, or the buyer neglects or refuses to take delivery of or pay for one or more instalments, it is a question in each case depending on the terms of the contract and the circumstances of the case whether the breach of contract is a repudiation of the whole contract or whether it is a severable breach giving rise to a claim for compensation but not to a right to treat the whole contract as repudiated.

(2) 货物买卖合同如果采用定期的分期交货、分期付款的方式，而卖方交付的货物有一批或数批存在瑕疵，或买方遗忘或拒绝接受交付或支付一次或多次分期付款，应依据合同条款及具体案情决定，买方是否能以违反合同为由拒绝履行整个合同，还是其仅是一个可分开的合同，只能请求赔偿而不能拒绝履行全部合同。

32. Delivery to carrier

32、向承运人交付

(1) Where, in pursuance of a contract of sale, the seller is authorised or required to send the goods to the buyer, delivery of the goods to a carrier (whether named by the buyer or not) for the purpose of transmission to the buyer is prima facie deemed to be delivery of the goods to the buyer.

(1) 根据买卖合同，卖方被授权或要求将货物送至买方，为达到将货物转移到买方的目的将货物交付承运人（不论由买方还是卖方来指定），这从表面上可推定将货物交到了买方。

(2) Unless otherwise authorised by the buyer, the seller must make such contact with the carrier on behalf of the buyer as may be reasonable having regard to the nature of the goods and the other circumstances of the case; and if the seller omits to do so, and the goods are lost or damaged in course of transit, the buyer may decline to treat the delivery to the carrier as a delivery to himself or may hold the seller responsible in damages.

(2) 除非另有买方授权，否则卖方应代表买方与承运人签订一项合理地考虑到货物的性质及其他情况的货物运输合同。如果卖方未能这样做，并且货物在运输中损毁，买方可以拒绝将卖方向承运人交付货物视为向自己交付或者要求卖方赔偿损失。

(3) Unless otherwise agreed, where goods are sent by the seller to the buyer by a route involving sea transit, under circumstances in which it is usual to insure, the seller must give such notice to the buyer as may enable him to insure them during their sea transit, and if the seller fails to do so, the goods are at his risk during such sea transit.

（3）除非另有约定，货物由卖方向买方通过一经过海上运输的路线时，在这种情形下通常要保险，卖方必须向买方告知以便买方可给货物在海上运输期间保险，如果卖方未能这样做，则货物在海上的风险在于卖方。

(4) In a case where the buyer deals as consumer or, in Scotland, where there is a consumer contract in which the buyer is a consumer, subsections (1) to (3) above must be ignored, but if in pursuance of a contract of sale the seller is authorised or required to send the goods to the buyer, delivery of the goods to the carrier is not delivery of the goods to the buyer.

（4）买方作为消费者交易时，或在苏格兰，消费者合同中买方作为消费者时，上述（1）至（3）款规定必须被忽略，但是如依据买卖合同卖方被授权或要求将货物送至买方，将货物交付至承运人不构成将货物交付买方。

33. Risk where goods are delivered at distant place

33、货物从远的地方交付风险

Where the seller of goods agrees to deliver them at his own risk at a place other than that where they are when sold, the buyer must nevertheless (unless otherwise agreed) take any risk of deterioration in the goods necessarily incident to the course of transit.

货物的卖方同意自己承担风险从异于出售地交付货物时，买方须承担在运输途中常出现的货物变质风险。

34. Buyer's right of examining the goods

34、买方验货权

Unless otherwise agreed, when the seller tenders delivery of goods to the buyer, he is bound on request to afford the buyer a reasonable opportunity of examining the goods for the purpose of ascertaining whether they are in conformity with the contract and, in the case of a contract for sale by sample, of comparing the bulk with the sample.

除非另有约定，卖方提供交货给买方时，卖方有义务提供给买方合理的机会检验货物，以便确定货物其是否与合同相符，在凭样品买卖合同情形下，将整批货物同样品进行比较。

35. Acceptance

35、接受

(1) The buyer is deemed to have accepted the goods subject to subsection (2) below-

（1）买方被推定依下列第（2）款已经接受了货物--

(a) when he intimates to the seller that he has accepted them, or

(a) 当他向卖方宣称其已经接受了货物，或

(b) when the goods have been delivered to him and he does any act in relation to them which is inconsistent with the ownership of the seller.

(b) 当货物已被交付与他，并且他已经作出任何同卖方关于对货物拥有所有权不一致的行为。

(2) Where goods are delivered to the buyer, and he has not previously examined them, he is not deemed to have accepted them under subsection (1) above until he has had a reasonable opportunity of examining them for the purpose-

（2）当货物交付给买方，但买方之前尚未检验货物，则不认为他已经按照上述第（1）款接受了货物，直到他有合理的机会为下列目的检验货物--

(a) of ascertaining whether they are in conformity with the contract, and

(a) 来确定货物是否与合同相符，及

(b) in the case of a contract for sale by sample, of comparing the bulk with the sample.

(b) 凭样品买卖的合同情况下，将整批货物同样品进行比较。

(3) Where the buyer deals as consumer or (in Scotland) the contract of sale is a consumer contract, the buyer cannot lose his right to rely on subsection (2) above by agreement, waiver or otherwise.

（3）在买方作为消费者交易时，或（在苏格兰），买卖合同是消费者合同，买方不可通过协议、放弃权利或以其他方式失去其对上述第（2）款的信赖权。

(4) The buyer is also deemed to have accepted the goods when after the lapse of a reasonable time he retains the goods without intimating to the seller that he has rejected them.

（4）在一段合理的时间过去之后，买方保留了货物同时没有向卖方宣告他已拒绝接收货物，则同样被推定买方已经接受了货物。

(5) The questions that are material in determining for the purposes of subsection (4) above whether a reasonable time has elapsed include whether the buyer has had a reasonable opportunity of examining the goods for the purpose mentioned in subsection (2) above.

（5）判断上述第（4）款规定的重要问题，一段合理的时间是否已经过去包括买方是否有合理的机会来按照上述第（2）款目的检验货物。

(6) The buyer is not by virtue of this section deemed to have accepted the goods merely because-

（6）买方不依本条被推断认为已经接受了货物，仅因为--

(a) he asks for, or agrees to, their repair by or under an arrangement with the seller, or

（a） 他请求、或同意与卖方按照或在某一安排下进行货物修整。

(b) the goods are delivered to another under a sub-sale or other disposition.

（b）货物已被交付与转售合同或其他处分行为。

(7) Where the contract is for the sale of goods making one or more commercial units, a buyer accepting any goods included in a unit is deemed to have accepted all the goods making the unit; and in this subsection 'commercial unit' means a unit division of which would materially impair the value of the goods or the character of the unit.

（7）货物买卖合同中货物组成一个或多个商业单位，买方接受任何包括在这一单位之中的商品即被认为是已经接受了所有组成这一单位的商品；在本款中"商业单位"意指一个单位，分开这个单位就会严重损害商品的价值或单位的性质。

(8) Paragraph 10 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made before 22 April 1967 or (in the application of this Act to Northern Ireland) 28 July 1967.

（8）下列附表1中的第10条适用于1967年4月22日以前订立的合同，或者（将本法适用于北爱尔兰）于1967年7月28日之前

35A. Right of partial rejection

35A、部分拒绝权

(1) If the buyer-

(1) 如果买方--

(a) has the right to reject the goods by reason of a breach on the part of the seller that affects some or all of them, but

（a）以卖方违约而影响部分或全部货物为由而有权拒绝货物，但

(b) accepts some of the goods, including, where there are any goods unaffected by the breach, all such goods,

he does not by accepting them lose his right to reject the rest.

(b) 接受部分货物，包括，未受违约而影响的任何货物，所有这样的货物，

他不以接受它们而失去拒绝其余货物的权利。

(2) In the case of a buyer having the right to reject an instalment of goods, subsection (1) above applies as if references to the goods were references to the goods comprised in the instalment.

(2) 在买方有权拒绝分期交付权的情况下，上述第（1）款适用，好似提到的货物就是分期交付组成的货物。

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1) above, goods are affected by a breach if by reason of the breach they are not in conformity with the contract.

(3) 上述第（1）款旨在说明：如果由于违约货物与合同不相符，则货物受到了违约的影响。

(4) This section applies unless a contrary intention appears in, or is to be implied from, the contract.

(4) 除非有相反的意思出现在合同中或可从合同的默示条款中得出，否则本条规定适用。

36. Buyer not bound to return rejected goods

36、买方无义务返还拒收的货物

Unless otherwise agreed, where goods are delivered to the buyer, and he refuses to accept them, having the right to do so, he is not bound to return them to the seller, but it is sufficient if he intimates to the seller that he refuses to accept them.

除非另有协议，货物在交付到买方，买方拒绝接受货物且有权这样做时，买方无义务将货物送还卖方，而只要他向卖方宣称拒绝接受货物就足矣。

37. Buyer's liability for not taking delivery of goods

37、买方不接受交付的责任

(1) When the seller is ready and willing to deliver the goods, and requests the buyer to take delivery, and the buyer does not within a reasonable time after such request take delivery of the goods, he is liable to the seller for any loss occasioned by his neglect or refusal to take delivery, and also for a reasonable charge for the care and custody of the goods.

（1）当卖方准备好愿意交付货物并要求买方接受货物时，买方若在接受货物请求发出后没有在合理的时间内接受货物，则买方向卖方负有由他的疏忽或拒绝接受所造成的任何损失，同时接受由此产生的要求买方看管货物的合理指控。

(2) Nothing in this section affects the rights of the seller where the neglect or refusal of the buyer to take delivery amounts to a repudiation of the contract.

（2）在买方的疏忽或拒不接受货物所达到不履行合同这一程度时，本条规定不影响卖方行使这一权利。

PART V RIGHTS OF UNPAID SELLER AGAINST THE GOODS

第五部分 未受偿卖方对货物享有的权利

Preliminary

序

38. Unpaid seller defined

38、何谓未受偿卖方

(1) The seller of goods is an unpaid seller within the meaning of this Act-

（1）本法所谓的未受偿卖方是指下列情形下的货物卖方--

(a) when the whole of the price has not been paid or tendered;

(a) 在价款的全部未被支付或提供的时候；

(b) when a bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument has been received as conditional payment, and the condition on which it was received has not been fulfilled by reason of the dishonour of the instrument or otherwise.

(b) 汇票或其他流通票据作为附条件支付方式被收到，但当条件因为票据的拒付或其他原因没有成就的时候。

(2) In this Part of this Act 'seller' includes any person who is in the position of a seller, as, for instance, an agent of the seller to whom the bill of lading has been indorsed, or a consignor or agent who has himself paid (or is directly responsible for) the price.

(2) 本法本部分中的"卖方"包括任何处于卖方位置上的人，例如，取得卖方背书提单的代理人，或委托人或自己支付价款（或直接负责的）代理人。

39. Unpaid seller's rights

39、未受偿卖方的权利

(1) Subject to this and any other Act, notwithstanding that the property in the goods may have passed to the buyer, the unpaid seller of goods, as such, has by implication of law-

（1）依本法及其他任何法律，尽管货物的所有权可能已经转移至买方，未受偿卖方按照法律的默示享有--

(a) a lien on the goods or right to retain them for the price while he is in possession of them;

(a) 对货物的留置权或在卖方还占有货物时保留货物以取得价款；

(b) in the case of the insolvency of the buyer, a right of stopping the goods in transit after he has parted with the possession of them;

(b) 在买方破产的情况下，在其已经不占有货物的情况下拦阻正在运输的货物；

(c) a right of re-sale as limited by this Act.

(c) 在本法许可的范围内再出售权。

(2) Where the property in goods has not passed to the buyer, the unpaid seller has (in addition to his other remedies) a right of withholding delivery similar to and coextensive with his rights of lien or retention and stoppage in transit where the property has passed to the buyer.

(2) 当货物的所有权尚未转移至买方时，未受偿卖方享有（除了其别的救济）与货物所有权已转移至买方时卖方享有的留置权、保留权或阻止权相似的制止交付的权利。

Unpaid seller's lien未受偿卖方的留置权

41 Seller's lien

41、卖方的留置权

(1) Subject to this Act, the unpaid seller of goods who is in possession of them is entitled to retain possession of them until payment or tender of the price in the following cases:-

（1）依据本法，仍占有货物的未受偿卖方享有继续保持占有货物的权利，直到在下列情形之下的价款得到支付或提供--

(a) where the goods have been sold without any stipulation as to credit;

(a) 货物已经售出，但无任何关于赊欠期的规定；

(b) where the goods have been sold on credit but the term of credit has expired;

(b) 货物已经按赊欠售出，但是赊欠期已经到期；

(c) where the buyer becomes insolvent.

(c) 货物的买方变的破产。

(2) The seller may exercise his lien or right of retention notwithstanding that he is in possession of the goods as agent or bailee or custodier for the buyer.

(2) 卖方可以实施其留置权或保留权虽然他是作为买方的委托人或保管人占有货物。

42 Part delivery

42、部分交付

Where an unpaid seller has made part delivery of the goods, he may exercise his lien or right of retention on the remainder, unless such part delivery has been made under such circumstances as to show an agreement to waive the lien or right of retention.

未受偿卖方已经对货物作出部分交付时，他可以对剩余货物实施其留置权或保留权，除非这样的部分交付是在卖方协议将留置权或保留权放弃的情况下做出的。

43 Termination of lien

43、留置权的终止

(1) The unpaid seller of goods loses his lien or right of retention in respect of them-

（1） 货物的未受偿卖方失去对货物的留置权或保留权--

(a) when he delivers the goods to a carrier or other bailee or custodier for the purpose of transmission to the buyer without reserving the right of disposal of the goods;

(a) 当卖方为了将货物转移到买方，将货物交付承运人或其他委托人或保管人而没有保留对货物的处分权；

(b) when the buyer or his agent lawfully obtains possession of the goods;

(b) 当买方或其代理人合法取得对货物的占有；

(c) by waiver of the lien or right of retention.

(c) 通过放弃留置权或保留权。

(2) An unpaid seller of goods who has a lien or right of retention in respect of them does not lose his lien or right of retention by reason only that he has obtained judgment or decree for the price of the goods.

（2）对货物保有留置权或保留权的未受偿卖方，由于获得关于货物价款的判决或裁定，可继续保有留置权或保留权。

Stoppage in transit运输中途留置

44 Right of stoppage in transit

44、运输中途留置权

Subject to this Act, when the buyer of goods becomes insolvent the unpaid seller who has parted with the possession of the goods has the right of stopping them in transit, that is to say, he may resume possession of the goods as long as they are in course of transit, and may retain them until payment or tender of the price.

依照本法，当货物的买方破产的时候，在已经不占有货物的情况下的未受偿卖方有留置运输中货物的权利；换言之，只要货物还在运输途中，卖方还可以重新取得对货物的占有，直到货物的价款得到支付或提供。

45 Duration of transit

45、运输的期间

(1) Goods are deemed to be in course of transit from the time when they are delivered to a carrier or other bailee or custodier for the purpose of transmission to the buyer, until the buyer or his agent in that behalf takes delivery of them from the carrier or other bailee or custodier.

（1）为将货物转移到买方，将货物交付承运人或其他委托人或保管人，直到买方或买方代理人从承运人或其他委托人或保管人手中接受货物这一期间均被推定为在运输过程中。

(2) If the buyer or his agent in that behalf obtains delivery of the goods before their arrival at the appointed destination, the transit is at an end.

（2）如果买方或其代理人在货物到达指定地点前接受交付，则运输过程结束。

(3) If, after the arrival of the goods at the appointed destination, the carrier or other bailee or custodier acknowledges to the buyer or his agent that he holds the goods on his behalf and continues in possession of them as bailee or custodier for the buyer or his agent, the transit is at an end, and it is immaterial that a further destination for the goods may have been indicated by the buyer.

（3）如果，货物到达指定地点后，承运人或其他委托人或保管人告知买方或其代理人他会作为委托人或保管人继续为买方或其代理人占有货物，则运输过程结束；买方先前指明的更远的货物目的地此时不重要。

(4) If the goods are rejected by the buyer, and the carrier or other bailee or custodier continues in possession of them, the transit is not deemed to be at an end, even if the seller has refused to receive them back.

（4）如果买方拒绝接受货物，尽管承运人或其他委托人或保管人继续占有货物，也不认为运输过程已经结束，即使卖方已拒绝重新将货物收回。

(5) When goods are delivered to a ship chartered by the buyer it is a question depending on the circumstances of the particular case whether they are in the possession of the master as a carrier or as agent to the buyer.

（5）当货物被交付到由买方所租的船上时，要看具体案件中的具体情况--他们是否是作为买方的承运人或代理人而以主人身份占有货物来定。

(6) Where the carrier or other bailee or custodier wrongfully refuses to deliver the goods to the buyer or his agent in that behalf, the transit is deemed to be at an end.

（6）在承运人、其他委托人或保管人错误地拒绝将货物交付买方或其代理人时，认为运输过程已经结束。

(7) Where part delivery of the goods has been made to the buyer or his agent in that behalf, the remainder of the goods may be stopped in transit, unless such part delivery has been made under such circumstances as to show an agreement to give up possession of the whole of the goods.

（7）当货物已经部分交付给买方或其代理人时，对剩余的货物还可以实行中途留置，除非这种部分交付是在有协议的情形下即卖方已经放弃了对全部货物占有的情形下做出的。

46 How stoppage in transit is effected

46、中途留置如何实现

(1) The unpaid seller may exercise his right of stoppage in transit either by taking actual possession of the goods or by giving notice of his claim to the carrier or other bailee or custodier in whose possession the goods are.

（1）未受偿卖方既可以通过采取实际占有货物形式、也可通过将他的请求通知实际占有货物的其他委托人或保管人来实现其运输中途留置权。

(2) The notice may be given either to the person in actual possession of the goods or to his principal.

（2）通知既可发给货物实际占有人，也可发给本人（被代理人）。

(3) If given to the principal, the notice is ineffective unless given at such time and under such circumstances that the principal, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, may communicate it to his servant or agent in time to prevent a delivery to the buyer.

（3）如果通知发给本人，除非是在特定时间、特定情况之下、即本人可通过勤勉工作及时转告其雇员或代理人停止将货物交付买方，否则通知本人无效。

(4) When notice of stoppage in transit is given by the seller to the carrier or other bailee or custodier in possession of the goods, he must re-deliver the goods to, or according to the directions of, the seller; and the expenses of the re-delivery must be borne by the seller.

（4）卖方向占有货物的承运人、其他委托人或保管人发出的中途留置通知后，必须按照指示将货物重新交付卖方；重新交付的费用必须由卖方来负担。

Re-sale etc by buyer 卖方的再出售

47 Effect of sub-sale etc by buyer

47、卖方再出售货物的效力

(1) Subject to this Act, the unpaid seller's right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit is not affected by any sale or other disposition of the goods which the buyer may have made, unless the seller has assented to it.

（1）依照本法，未受偿卖方对货物的留置权、保留权或中途留置权不受买方可能作出的转售或其他处置货物行为的影响，除非卖方对买方的上述行为表示了同意。

(2) Where a document of title to goods has been lawfully transferred to any person as buyer or owner of the goods, and that person transfers the document to a person who takes it in good faith and for valuable consideration, then-

（2） 如果某人作为买方或作为货物所有人合法地受让了货物的所有权凭证，之后又将该凭证转让给另一人，此人善意地取得了上述凭证并支付了对等价金，则--

(a) if the last-mentioned transfer was by way of sale the unpaid seller's right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit is defeated; and

(a) 如果货物所有权凭证的最后一次转让是通过买卖行为实现的，原来未受偿卖方就不能再对货物行使留置权、保留权或中途留置权。

(b) if the last-mentioned transfer was made by way of pledge or other disposition for value, the unpaid seller's right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit can only be exercised subject to the rights of the transferee.

(b) 如果货物所有权凭证的最后一次转让是通过质押或其他处分行为实现的，原来未受偿卖方对货物行使留置权、保留权或中途留置权只能依照受让人的权利。

Rescission: and re-sale by seller 撤消：及卖方再出售

48 Rescission: and re-sale by seller

48、撤消：及卖方再出售

(1) Subject to this section, a contract of sale is not rescinded by the mere exercise by an unpaid seller of his right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit.

（1）依本条，买卖合同不能仅由未受偿卖方对货物行使留置权、保留权或中途留置权而废除。

(2) Where an unpaid seller who has exercised his right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit re-sells the goods, the buyer acquires a good title to them as against the original buyer.

（2）如果未受偿卖方对货物行使留置权、保留权或中途留置权并将货物另行出售，该买受人在对抗原来的买方时取得货物有效所有权。

(3) Where the goods are of a perishable nature, or where the unpaid seller gives notice to the buyer of his intention to re-sell, and the buyer does not within a reasonable time pay or tender the price, the unpaid seller may re-sell the goods and recover from the original buyer damages for any loss occasioned by his breach of contract.

（3）如果货物为易腐烂，或未受偿卖方通知了买方他将另行出售货物的意图，而买方未在合理的时间内支付或提供价款，未受偿卖方就可以将货物再出售并向原买方主张任何因原买方违约而发生的损害，要求其赔偿。

(4) Where the seller expressly reserves the right of re-sale in case the buyer should make default, and on the buyer making default re-sells the goods, the original contract of sale is rescinded but without prejudice to any claim the seller may have for damages.

（4）卖方如明示在买方未能履行法律义务情形下保留再出售权，而未能履行法律义务买方将货物再出售，原始的买卖合同废除但不可以对卖方可能对买方提起的损害赔偿构成侵害。

PART 5A

ADDITIONAL RIGHTS OF BUYER IN CONSUMER CASES

第五5A部分

消费者合同中买方的附加权利

48A Introductory

48 A、简介

(1) This section applies if-

（1）如果--，则适用本条：

(a) the buyer deals as consumer or, in Scotland, there is a consumer contract in which the buyer is a consumer, and

(a) 买方作为消费者交易或，在苏格兰，买方是消费者的消费者合同，及

(b) the goods do not conform to the contract of sale at the time of delivery.

(b) 货物在交付时与买卖合同不相符。

(2) If this section applies, the buyer has the right-

(2) 如果适用本条，买方有权--

(a) under and in accordance with section 48B below, to require the seller to repair or replace the goods, or

(a) 在并根据下列第48B款，要求卖方修理并更换货物，或

(b) under and in accordance with section 48C below-

(b) 在并根据下列第48C款--

(i) to require the seller to reduce the purchase price of the goods to the buyer by an appropriate amount, or

(i) 要求卖方减少合理数额由买方支付购货款，或

(ii) to rescind the contract with regard to the goods in question.

(ii) 废除有关的货物合同。

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above goods which do not conform to the contract of sale at any time within the period of six months starting with the date on which the goods were delivered to the buyer must be taken not to have so conformed at that date.

(3) 出于上述第(1)(b)款的目的，货物在交付至买方开始日期后六个月内任何时候与买卖合同不相符，均须认为是在交付时与买卖合同不相符。

(4) Subsection (3) above does not apply if-

(4) 上述第(3)款不适用，如果--

(a) it is established that the goods did so conform at that date;

(a) 已经确定货物的确在交付时与合同相符；

(b) its application is incompatible with the nature of the goods or the nature of the lack of conformity.

(b) 其适用与货物的本质或缺乏一致的本质相悖。

48B Repair or replacement of the goods

48B、货物的修理或更换

(1) If section 48A above applies, the buyer may require the seller-

(1) 如果上述第48A款适用，则买方可要求卖方--

(a) to repair the goods, or

(a) 修理货物，或

(b) to replace the goods.

(b) 更换货物。

(2) If the buyer requires the seller to repair or replace the goods, the seller must-

(2) 如果买方要求卖方修理或更换货物，卖方必须--

(a) repair or, as the case may be, replace the goods within a reasonable time but without causing significant inconvenience to the buyer;

(a) 修理或，有时可能，更换货物，但须在合理时间内完成而不能给买方带来明显的不便；

(b) bear any necessary costs incurred in doing so (including in particular the cost of any labour, materials or postage).

(b) 承担任何由此发生的必要费用（包括特别是任何劳力、物力或邮资费）

(3) The buyer must not require the seller to repair or, as the case may be, replace the goods if that remedy is-

(3) 买方不能要求卖方修理或，有时可能，更换货物，如果该救济属于--

(a) impossible, or

(a) 不可能，或

(b) disproportionate in comparison to the other of those remedies, or

(b) 与其他救济相比不相称。

(c) disproportionate in comparison to an appropriate reduction in the purchase price under paragraph (a), or rescission under paragraph (b), of section 48C(1) below.

(c) 与下列第48 C(1)条(a)款下将购货款价格合适的降低、或(b)款下废除合同相比不相称。

(4) One remedy is disproportionate in comparison to the other if the one imposes costs on the seller which, in comparison to those imposed on him by the other, are unreasonable, taking into account-

(4) 如果一救济给卖方增加成本，考虑到如下因素与另一救济相比不合理，则一救济与另一救济相比不相称--

(a) the value which the goods would have if they conformed to the contract of sale,

(a) 如果货物与买卖合同相符，货物应有的价值，

(b) the significance of the lack of conformity, and

(b) 缺乏一致的重要性，以及

(c) whether the other remedy could be effected without significant inconvenience to the buyer.

(c) 另一救济是否在不给买方带来重大不便情况下实现。

(5) Any question as to what is a reasonable time or significant inconvenience is to be determined by reference to-

(5) 任何关于什么是合理的时间或者重大不便之类问题，要考虑到下列情况来决定：

(a) the nature of the goods, and

(a) 货物的性质，及

(b) the purpose for which the goods were acquired.

(b) 取得货物的目的。

48C Reduction of purchase price or rescission of contract

48C、降低购货款价格或废除合同

(1) If section 48A above applies, the buyer may-

(1) 如果上述48A条适用，则买方可--

(a) require the seller to reduce the purchase price of the goods in question to the buyer by an appropriate amount, or

(a) 要求卖方为买方将购货款价格降低合适的数额，或

(b) rescind the contract with regard to those goods,

(b) 废除关于此货物的合同，

if the condition in subsection (2) below is satisfied.

如果下列第（2）款中的条件得到满足。

(2) The condition is that-

(2) 条件如下--

(a) by virtue of section 48B(3) above the buyer may require neither repair nor replacement of the goods; or

(a) 依据上述第48B(3)条，买方既不要求修理、也不要求更换货物；或

(b) the buyer has required the seller to repair or replace the goods, but the seller is in breach of the requirement of section 48B(2)(a) above to do so within a reasonable time and without significant inconvenience to the buyer.

(b) 买方已经要求卖方修理、或更换货物，但是卖方违反了上述48B(2)(a)条中规定，没有在合理时间内而且不带给买方明显的不便的情形下修理或更换货物。

(3) For the purposes of this Part, if the buyer rescinds the contract, any reimbursement to the buyer may be reduced to take account of the use he has had of the goods since they were delivered to him.

(3) 本部分的目的是：如果买方废除了合同，任何给买方的补偿都可降低，因为货物已经交付与他，所以要考虑到他对货物的使用。

48D Relation to other remedies etc

48D 关于其他救济等

(1) If the buyer requires the seller to repair or replace the goods the buyer must not act under subsection (2) until he has given the seller a reasonable time in which to repair or replace (as the case may be) the goods.

(1) 如果买方要求卖方修理、或更换货物，买方在其留给卖方合理时间以完成修理、或更换货物这段时间不能按照第（2）款行使权利。

(2) The buyer acts under this subsection if-

(2) 买方可在这一款下行使权利，如果--

(a) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland he rejects the goods and terminates the contract for breach of condition;

(a) 在英格兰和威尔士或北爱尔兰，买方可拒绝货物并因对方违反合同条件条款而终止合同。

(b) in Scotland he rejects any goods delivered under the contract and treats it as repudiated;

(b) 在苏格兰，买方可拒绝任何按照合同交付的货物并视之为不履行合同。

(c) he requires the goods to be replaced or repaired (as the case may be).

(c) 可要求更换、或修理货物（随不同案件而不同）。

48E Powers of the court

48E、法院的权力

(1) In any proceedings in which a remedy is sought by virtue of this Part the court, in addition to any other power it has, may act under this section.

(1) 在任何依据本法寻求救济的诉讼程序中，法院除了其它所拥有的权力外，可按照本条规定行使权力。

(2) On the application of the buyer the court may make an order requiring specific performance or, in Scotland, specific implement by the seller of any obligation imposed on him by virtue of section 48B above.

(2) 经买方申请，法院可做出要求实际履行的命令或，在苏格兰，法院可依据上述第48B条命令负有义务的卖方做出特别履行。

(3) Subsection (4) applies if-

(3) 第(4)款适用，如果--

(a) the buyer requires the seller to give effect to a remedy under section 48B or 48C above or has claims to rescind under section 48C, but

(a) 买方要求卖方在上述第48B或48C条下实现救济，或要求按上述第48C条废除合同，但是

(b) the court decides that another remedy under section 48B or 48C is appropriate.

(b) 法院决定第48B或48C条下另一救济是适当的。

(4) The court may proceed-

(4) 法院可进行--

(a) as if the buyer had required the seller to give effect to the other remedy, or if the other remedy is rescission under section 48C

(a) 当如果买方已经要求卖方实现另一救济，或如果另一救济就是第48C条下的废除合同。

(b) as if the buyer had claimed to rescind the contract under that section.

(b) 当如果买方已经要求在该条下废除合同。

(5) If the buyer has claimed to rescind the contract the court may order that any reimbursement to the buyer is reduced to take account of the use he has had of the goods since they were delivered to him.

(5) 如果买方已经要求废除合同，法院可以命令任何对买方的补偿应减少，因为货物已经交付与他，所以要考虑到他对货物的使用。

(6) The court may make an order under this section unconditionally or on such terms and conditions as to damages, payment of the price and otherwise as it thinks just.

(6) 法院可在本条下无条件地做出命令、或类似关于损害赔偿、价款的支付和其他法院认为公正的条款或条件。

48F Conformity with the contract

48F、与合同相符

For the purposes of this Part, goods do not conform to a contract of sale if there is, in relation to the goods, a breach of an express term of the contract or a term implied by section 13, 14 or 15 above.

本部分的目的在于：如果有货物或与货物相关的饿其它与买卖合同不相符，则构成对上述13、14或15条中明示或默示合同条款的违反。

PART VI ACTIONS FOR BREACH OF THE CONTRACT

第六部分 违反合同的诉讼

Seller's remedies

卖方的救济

49. Action for price

49、价款之讼

(1) Where, under a contract of sale, the property in the goods has passed to the buyer and he wrongfully neglects or refuses to pay for the goods according to the terms of the contract, the seller may maintain an action against him for the price of the goods.

(1) 买卖合同下，货物所有权已经转移至买方，而买方错误地疏忽或拒绝按照合同条款支付货物的价款，卖方可对买方提起诉讼向其主张货物的价款。

(2) Where, under a contract of sale, the price is payable on a day certain irrespective of delivery and the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to pay such price, the seller may maintain an action for the price, although the property in goods has not passed and the goods have not been appropriated to the contract.

(2) 买卖合同下，价款约定于某一特定日期支付，而不管货物是否交付，如果买方错误地疏忽或拒绝支付货物的价款，卖方可提起诉讼向其主张货物的价款，尽管货物所有权尚未转移而且货物还未划拨至合同之下。

(3) Nothing in this section prejudices the right of the seller in Scotland to recover interest on the price from the date of tender of the goods, or from the date on which the price was payable, as the case may be.

(3) 在苏格兰，本条任何规定不妨碍卖方从价款应被提供之日起，或从支付价款之日起（随不同案件而不同）在价款上获得利息的权利。 50. Damages for non-acceptance

50、不接受货物损害赔偿

(1) Where the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to accept and pay for the goods, the seller may maintain an action against him for damages for non-acceptance.

(1) 买方错误地疏忽或拒绝接受货物以及支付货物的价款，卖方可提起诉讼，向其主张不接受货物损害赔偿。

(2) The measure of damages is the estimated loss directly and naturally resulting in the ordinary course of events, from the buyer's breach of contract.

(2) 请求的损害赔偿额应估计为：由于买方的违约行为而造成在一般情况下直接而必然地引起的损失。

(3) Where there is an available market for the goods in question the measure of damages is prima facie to be ascertained by the difference between the contract price and the market or current price at the time or times when the goods ought to have been accepted or (if no time was fixed for acceptance) at the time of the refusal to accept.

(3) 若货物存在一个市场，损害赔偿额则可初步推定为买方应向卖方赔偿：合同价格与当时的价格或市场价格或约定接受货物时价格的价款差额，如果合同未定明受领货物的时间，则以拒绝接受货物的日期为准。

Buyer's remedies买方的救济

51. Damages for non-delivery

51、不交付损害赔偿

(1) Where the seller wrongfully neglects or refuses to deliver the goods to the buyer, the buyer may maintain an action against the seller for damages for non-delivery.

(1) 卖方错误地疏忽或拒绝交付货物给买方，买方可提起诉讼，向其主张不交付货物损害赔偿。

(2) The measure of damages is the estimated loss directly and naturally resulting, in the ordinary course of events, from the seller's breach of contract.

(2) 请求的损害赔偿额应估计为：由于卖方的违约行为而造成在一般情况下直接而必然地引起的损失。

(3) Where there is an available market for the goods in question the measure of damages is prima facie to be ascertained by the difference between the contract price and the market or current price of the goods at the time or times when they ought to have been delivered or (if no time was fixed) at the time of the refusal to deliver.

(3) 若货物存在一个市场，损害赔偿额则可初步推定为卖方应向买方赔偿：合同价格与当时的价格或市场价格或约定交付货物时价格的价款差额，如果合同未定明受领货物的时间，则以拒绝交付货物的日期为准。

52. Specific performance

52、实际履行

(1) If any action for breach of contract to deliver specific or ascertained goods the court may, if it thinks fit, on the plaintiff's application, by its judgment or decree direct that the contract shall be performed specifically, without giving the defendant the option of retaining the goods on payment of damages.

(1) 如果任何诉讼是针对违反合同交付特定或已经确定的货物，法院如果认为合适，则可以依原告请求，通过法院判决或裁定指导合同实际履行，而不给被告保留货物、支付损害赔偿的选择。

(2) The plaintiff's application may be made at any time before judgment or decree.

(2) 原告请求可以在判决或裁定做出之前的任何时间提出。

(3) The judgment or decree may be unconditional, or on such terms and conditions as to damages, payment of the price and otherwise as seem just to the court.

(3) 判决或裁定可以是无条件的，或对损害赔偿、货款的支付或其他法院认为公正的事项附有条款和条件。

(4) The provisions of this section shall be deemed to be supplementary to, and not in derogation of, the right of specific implement in Scotland.

(4) 本条之规定应被认为是对苏格兰的特别履行权利的补充，而非减损。

53. Remedy for breach of warranty

53、违反担保条款的救济

(1) Where there is a breach of warranty by the seller, or where the buyer elects (or is compelled) to treat any breach of a condition on the part of the seller as a breach of warranty, the buyer is not by reason only of such breach of warranty entitled to reject the goods; but he may-

(1) 如果卖方违反了担保条款，或是买方选择（或是被强迫）把卖方违反条件条款看作违反了担保条款，买方不能仅凭这样违反了担保条款而享有拒绝接受货物的权利；但是他可--

(a) set up against the seller the breach of warranty in diminution of extinction of the price, or

(a) 提出反对卖方在货款的减损或消灭违反了担保条款，或

(b) maintain an action against the seller for damages for the breach of warranty.

(b) 对卖方提起诉讼，向卖方主张违反担保条款的损害赔偿。

(2) The measure of damages for breach of warranty is the estimated loss directly and naturally resulting, in the ordinary course of events, from the breach of warranty.

(2) 违反合同的担保条款的损害赔偿额应估计为：事件发展的通常过程中由违反担保的行为造成的直接必然的损失。

(3) In the case of breach of warranty of quality such loss is prima facie the difference between the value of the goods at the time of delivery to the buyer and the value they would have had if they had fulfilled the warranty.

(3) 若违反了质量担保条款，损失则可初步推定为：货物交付买方时的价值与成就担保条款时货物价值之间的差额。

(4) The fact that the buyer has set up the breach of warranty in diminution or extinction of the price does not prevent him from maintaining an action for the same breach of warranty if he has suffered further damage.

(4) 买方提出反对卖方在货款的减损或消灭违反了担保条款这一事实，不妨碍买方对卖方提起诉讼，向卖方主张由其违反同样的担保条款而遭受的损害赔偿。

(5) This section does not apply to Scotland.

(5) 本条不适用于苏格兰。

Interest, etc.利息，等

54. Interest, etc.

54、利息，等

Nothing in this Act affects the right of the buyer or the seller to recover interest or special damages in any case where by law interest or special damages may be recoverable, or to recover money paid where the consideration for the payment of it has failed.

本法任何规定不影响买方或卖方在依法可获得利息或特定损害赔偿时，获得利息或特定损害赔偿权利；或在支付金钱的对价失败时，获得金钱。

PART VII SUPPLEMENTARY

第七部分 补充规定

55. Exclusion of implied terms

55、默示条款的排除

(1) Where a right duty or liability would arise under a contract of sale of goods by implication of law, it may (subject to the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977) be negatived or varied by express agreement, or by the course of dealing between the parties, or by such usage as binds both parties to the contract.

(1) 依法律的默示，在货物买卖合同条款中，正确的义务或责任会出现，其可能（依照1977年《不正当合同条款法》）被明示的协议、或依双方之间的交易过程、或依约束合同双方当事人的习惯做法被否定或变更。

(2) An express term does not negative a term implied by this Act unless inconsistent with it.

(2) 明示的条款不否定本法默示的条款，除非其不一致。

(3) Paragraph 11 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made on or after 18 May 1973 and before 1 February 1978, and paragraph 12 in relation to one made before 18 May 1973.

(3) 下列附表1中的第11条适用于1973年5月18日前，1978年2月1日后订立的相关合同，第12条适用于1973年5月18日前订立的相关合同。

56. Conflict of laws

56、法律冲突

Paragraph 13 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made on or after 18 May 1973 and before 1 February 1978, so as to make provision about conflict of laws in relation to such a contract.

下列附表1中的第13条适用于订立于1973年5月18日及以后1978年2月1日前的相关合同，以便关于制定跟货物合同相关的关于法律冲突的规定。

57. Auction sales

57、拍卖销售

(1) Where goods are put up for sale by auction in lots, each lot is prima facie deemed to be the subject of a separate contract of sale.

(1) 当把货物在若干批拍卖品中拿出销售时，每一批拍卖品被初步推定为一单独买卖合同的标的。

(2) A sale by auction is complete when the auctioneer announces its completion by the fall of the hammer, or in other customary manner; and until the announcement is made any bidder may retract his bid.

(2) 以拍卖方式进行的买卖中，拍卖师以拍卖槌的落地、或以其他习惯的方式宣布交易的完成；在宣布交易完成前，任何出价人均可撤回其出价。

(3) A sale by auction may be notified to be subject to a reserve or upset price, and a right to bid may also be reserved expressly by or on behalf of the seller.

(3) 卖方或卖方代表可在以拍卖方式进行的买卖中设保留价或底价，也可明示保留出价权。

(4) Where a sale by auction is not notified to be subject to a right to bid by or on behalf of the seller, it is not lawful for the seller to bid himself or to employ any person to bid at the sale, or for the auctioneer knowingly to take any bid from the seller or any such person.

(4) 如卖方或卖方代表在拍卖方式进行的买卖中未宣布要保留出价权，则卖方自己出价或雇佣任何人在买卖中出价、或拍卖师故意从卖方或任何这种人中接受出价是不合法的。

(5) A sale contravening subsection (4) above may be treated as fraudulent by the buyer.

(5) 与上述第（4）款相违背的买卖，买方可视为欺诈。

(6) Where, in respect of a sale by auction, a right to bid is expressly reserved (but not otherwise) the seller or any one person on his behalf may bid at the auction.

(6) 就拍卖方式进行的买卖，出价权如果明示保留，卖方或任何卖方代表都可以在拍卖时出价。

59. Reasonable time a question of fact

59、合理时间，事实问题

Where a reference is made in this Act to a reasonable time the question what is a reasonable time is a question of fact.

本法中涉及的合理时间是一个事实问题。

60. Rights etc. enforceable by action

60、通过诉讼可实施的权利等

Where a right, duty or liability is declared by this Act, it may (unless otherwise provided by this Act) be enforced by action.

本法所称的权利、义务或责任可（除非本法另有规定）通过诉讼来实现。

61. Interpretation

61、解释

(1) In this Act, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires,-

(1) 在本法中，除非语境或主题另有要求，--

'action' includes counterclaim and set-off, and in Scotland condescendence and claim and compensation;

"行为"包括反诉以及抵销，在苏格兰，案情详述、权利主张和赔偿；

'bulk' means a mass or collection of goods of the same kind which-

"整批货物"的意思是众多的或集中的同种货物，其--

(a) is contained in a defined space or area; and

(a) 包含于一限定的空间或范围内；并且

(b) is such that any goods in the bulk are interchangeable with any other goods therein of the same number or quantity;

(b) 整批货物中的任何货物和同在一批货物中的任何其它有一样数目或数量的货物可互相交换；

'business' includes a profession and the activities of any government department (including a Northern Ireland department) or local or public authority;

"商业"包括一职业及政府部门（包括北爱尔兰部门）或地方或公共机构的交易活动；

'buyer' means a person who buys or agrees to buy goods;

"买方"的意思是购买或同意购买货物的人；

'consumer contract' has the same meaning as in section 25(1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977; and for the purposes of this Act the onus of proving that a contract is not to be regarded as a consumer contract shall lie on the seller

"消费者合同"与1977年《不正当合同条款法》中第25（1）条有着同样的意思；本法中证明不应被视为消费者合同的责任应在卖方；

'contract of sale' includes an agreement to sell as well as a sale,

"买卖合同"包括销售协议再加上买卖合同；

'credit-broker' means a person acting in the course of a business of credit brokerage carried on by him, that is a business of effecting introductions of individuals desiring to obtain credit-

"信用经纪人"的意思是在带有信用经纪人佣金的商业活动中起作用的人，其帮助欲获得信用的个人实现介绍--

(a) to persons carrying on any business so far as it relates to the provision of credit, or

(a) 至目前从事与信用规定有关的任何商业活动的人，或者

(b) to other persons engaged in credit brokerage;

(b) 至其他从事信用经纪活动的人；

'defendant' includes in Scotland defender, respondent, and claimant in a multiplepoinding;

"被告"包括在苏格兰的被告，被上诉人，及确定优先权利诉讼中的请求权人；

'delivery' means voluntary transfer of possession from one person to another; except that in relation to sections 20A and 20B above it includes such appropriation of goods to the contract as results in property in the goods being transferred to the buyer;

"交付"的意思是从一人向另一人自愿转移占有；除上述相关的20A 和 20B条，它包括将货物货物划拨到合同下，从而导致货物所有权转移到买方。

'document of title to goods' has the same meaning as it has in the Factors Acts;

"货物的所有权凭证"和《代销商法》中该词的意思一样；

'Factors Acts' means the Factors Act 1889, the Factors (Scotland) Act 1890, and any enactment amending or substituted for the same;

"《代销商法》"的意思是《1889年代销商法》，《1890年代销商（苏格兰）法》，修正或被替代的任何规定。

'fault' means wrongful act or default;

"过错"指错误的行为或未履行债务；

'future goods' means goods to be manufactured or acquired by the seller after the making of the contract of sale;

"期货"指买卖合同达成后卖方生产或取得的货物；

'goods' includes all personal chattels other than things in action and money, and in Scotland all corporeal moveables except money; and in particular 'goods' includes emblements, industrial growing crops, and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale; and includes an undivided share in goods;

"货物"包括所有的有形动产（personal chattels）而不包括权利动产金钱，以及在苏格兰，所有除金钱之外的有形动产（corporeal moveables）；特别是"货物"包括庄稼、正在成长的农作物、在销售之前同意或在买卖合同下要分开的地上附着物或形成物；还包括货物不可分份额；

'plaintiff ' includes pursuer, complainer, claimant in a multiplepoinding and defendant or defender counter-claiming;

"原告"包括控告人，投诉人，确定优先权利诉讼中的请求权人，及反诉被告或辩护人；

"producer" means the manufacturer of goods, the importer of goods into the European Economic Area or any person purporting to be a producer by placing his name, trade mark or other distinctive sign on the goods;

"生产商"指货物的制造商，向欧洲经济区内进口货物的进口商、或其他任何通过将其名字、商标或其它显著标识置于货物之上旨在成为生产商的人；

'property' means the general property in goods, and not merely a special property;

"所有权"指广义上的货物所有权，而不仅指特定财产；

"repair" means, in cases where there is a lack of conformity in goods for the purposes of section 48F of this Act, to bring the goods into conformity with the contract;

"修理"指，在本法48F中货物与合同缺乏相符时，能使货物和合同相一致的补正；

'sale' includes a bargain and sale as well as a sale and delivery;

"销售"包括谈判、销售加上销售、交付；

'seller' means a person who sells or agrees to sell goods;

"卖方"指销售或同意销售货物的人；

'specific goods' means goods identified and agreed on at the time a contract of sale is made; and includes an undivided share, specified as a fraction or percentage, of goods identified and agreed on as aforesaid;

"特定物"指在买卖合同订立时确定、协商的货物；包括不可分份额、作为一小部分特定的、如前所述的已确定、协商的货物；

'warranty' (as regards England and Wales and Northern Ireland) means an agreement with reference to goods which are the subject of a contract of sale, but collateral to the main purpose of such contract, the breach of which gives rise to a claim for damages, but not to a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated.

"担保"（关于英格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰）指一涉及货物是买卖合同标的物的协议，但是随合同主要目的，违反担保条款可引起损害赔偿主张，但是不产生拒绝货物并不履行合同的权利。

(3) A thing is deemed to be done in good faith within the meaning of this Act when it is in fact done honestly, whether it is done negligently or not.

(3) 本法意思内，当一件事实际上是诚实地完成时，不管是否属于疏忽地完成，这件事被推定是善意完成的。

(4) A person is deemed to be insolvent within the meaning of this Act if he has either ceased to pay his debts in the ordinary course of business or he cannot pay his debts as they become due.

(4) 本法意思内，假如某人要不在普通的商务活动中停止了支付债务、要不在其债务到期时不能支付债务，某人被认为是破产的。

(5) Goods are in a deliverable state within the meaning of this Act when they are in such a state that the buyer would under the contract be bound to take delivery of them.

(5) 本法意思内，货物处于交付状态是指--在合同下，货物处于的这样的状态即买方会负有接受货物的责任。

(5A) References in this Act to dealing as consumer are to be construed in accordance with Part I of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977; and, for the purposes of this Act, it is for a seller claiming that the buyer does not deal as consumer to show that he does not.

（5A) 本法中提及的作为消费者的交易，应按照1977年《不正当合同条款法》中第1部分解释。对于本法，由卖方来证明买方非作为消费者交易。

(6) As regards the definition of 'business' in subsection (1) above, paragraph 14 of Schedule 1 below applies in relation to a contract made on or after 18 May 1973 and before 1 February 1978, and paragraph 15 in relation to one made before 18 May 1973.

(6) 关于上述第（1）款中"商业"的定义，下列附表1中的第14条适用于订立于1973年5月18日及以后1978年2月1日前的相关合同，第15条适用于订立于1973年5月18日前订立的合同。

62 Savings: rules of law etc

62、保留：法律原则等

(1) The rules in bankruptcy relating to contracts of sale apply to those contracts, notwithstanding anything in this Act.

(1) 与买卖合同相关的破产中的规则适用于那些合同，无论本法中有无任何规定。

(2) The rules of the common law, including the law merchant, except in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, and in particular the rules relating to the law of principal and agent and the effect of fraud, misrepresentation, duress or coercion, mistake, or other invalidating cause, apply to contracts for the sale of goods.

(2) 普通法（包括商人法）中的原则（除它们与本法具体规定相悖外），以及特别是与被代理人法、代理人、欺诈效力、强迫或胁迫、或其他无效条款等相关的规则，均可适用于货物买卖合用。

(3) Nothing in this Act or the Sale of Goods Act 1893 affects the enactments relating to bills of sale, or any enactment relating to the sale of goods which is not expressly repealed or amended by this Act or that.

(3) 本法及《1893年货物买卖法》之任何规定，均不影响关于货物买卖合同法案的制定、或本法以及1893年法没有明示废止或修正的关于货物买卖的任何规则的制定。

(4) The provisions of this Act about contracts of sale do not apply to a transaction in the form of a contract of sale which is intended to operate by way of mortgage, pledge, charge, or other security.

(4) 本法关于买卖合同的规定，不适用于意在通过抵押、质押、设定义务、或其他担保方式而进行交易的买卖合同。

(5) Nothing in this Act prejudices or affects the landlord's right of hypothec or sequestration for rent in Scotland.

(5) 本法任何规定不妨碍或影响在苏格兰土地所有人的抵押权或征收租金。